NIST IR 8228 Considerations for Managing Internet of Things (IoT) Cybersecurity and Privacy Risks Katie Boeckl Michael Fagan William Fisher Naomi Lefkovitz Katerina N. Megas Ellen Nadeau Danna Gabel O’Rourke Ben Piccarreta Karen Scarfone This publication is available free of charge from: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8228 NISTIR 8228 Considerations for Managing Internet of Things (IoT) Cybersecurity and Privacy Risks Katie Boeckl Danna Gabel O’Rourke Michael Fagan Deloitte & Touche LLP William Fisher Arlington, Virginia Naomi Lefkovitz Katerina N. Megas Karen Scarfone Ellen Nadeau Scarfone Cybersecurity Ben Piccarreta * Clifton, Virginia Applied Cybersecurity Division Information Technology Laboratory *Former employee; all work for this publication was done while at NIST This publication is available free of charge from: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8228 June 2019 U.S. Department of Commerce Wilbur L. Ross, Jr., Secretary National Institute of Standards and Technology Walter Copan , NIST Director and Under Secretary of Commerce for Standards and Technology National Institute of Standards and Technology Interagency or Internal Report 8228 44 pages ( June 2019) This publication is available free of charge from: https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8228 Certain commercial entities, equipment, or materials may be identified in this document in order to describe an experimental procedure or concept adequately. Such identification is not intended to imply recommendation or endorsement by NIST, nor is it inte nded to imply that the entities, materials, or equipment are necessarily the best available for the purpose. There may be references in this publication to other publications currently under development by NIST in accordance with its assigned statutory re sponsibilities. The information in this publication, including concepts and methodologies, may be used by federal agencies even before the completion of such companion publications. Thus, until each publication is completed, current requirements, guideline s, and procedures, where they exist, remain operative. For planning and transition purposes, federal agencies may wish to closely follow the development of these new publications by NIST. Organizations are encouraged to review all draft publications duri ng public comment periods and provide feedback to NIST. Many NIST cybersecurity publications , other than the ones noted above, are available at https://csr c.nist.gov/publications . Comments on this publication may be submitted to: National Institute of Standards and Technology Attn: Applied Cybersecurity Division, Information Technology Laboratory 100 Bureau Drive (Mail Stop 2000) Gaithersburg, MD 20899 -2000 Email: iotsecurity@nist.gov All comments are subject to release under the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA). NIST IR 8228 CONSIDERATIONS FOR MANAGING IOT CYBERSECURITY AND PRIVACY RISKS ii This publication is available free of charge from: http s://doi.org/10.6028/ NIST.IR.8228 Reports on Computer Systems Technology The Information Technology Laboratory (ITL) at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) promotes the U.S. economy and public welfare by providing technical leadership for the Nation’s measurement and standards infrastructure. ITL develops tests, test methods, reference data, proof of concept implem entations, and technical analyses to advance the development and productive use of information technology. ITL’s responsibilities include the development of management, administrative, technical, and physical standards and guidelines for the cost -effective security and privacy of other than national s ecurity -related information in federal informa tion systems. Abstract The Internet of Things (IoT) is a rapidly evolving and expanding collection of div