Facing
Facts
Best Practices for Common Uses of
Facial Recognition Technologies
Federal Trade Commission | October 2012Contents
Executive Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i
I . Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
II . Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
A. Face Facts Workshop ............................................ 3
1 . Recent advances in facial recognition technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2 . Current commercial uses of facial recognition technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
3 . Possible future uses of facial recognition technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
4 . Privacy concerns raised by current and possible future uses of
facial recognition technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
B. Public Comments .............................................. 8
III . General Themes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
IV . Case Studies on Common Commercial Uses of Facial
Recognition Technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Case Study #1: Facial Detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Case Study #2: Detection or Recognition of Demographic
Characteristics in Digital Signs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Case Study #3: Facial Recognition in Online Social Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
V . Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Dissenting Statement of Commissioner J . Thomas Rosch . . . . . . . A1
This report is available online at
http://www.ftc.gov/os/2012/10/121022facialtechrpt.pdf.
The online version of this report contains live hyperlinks. i
An FTC Staff Report
Executive Summary
“John Anderton… You could use a Guinness right about now.”
– Scene from the film Minority Report depicting use of
biometric technology to target individualized ads1
In the 2002 film Minority Report, Steven Spielberg imagined a world in which companies
use biometric technology to identify us and serve us targeted ads. Ten years later, that vision is
coming closer to reality. Having overcome the high costs and poor accuracy that once stunted
its growth, one form of biometric technology – facial recognition – is quickly moving out of the
realm of science fiction and into the commercial marketplace.
Today, companies are deploying facial recognition technologies in a wide array of contexts,
reflecting a spectrum of increasing technological sophistication. At the simplest level, the
technology can be used for facial detection; that is, merely to detect and locate a face in a photo.
Current uses of facial detection include refining search engine results to include only those
results that contain a face; locating faces in images in order to blur them; ensuring that the frame
for a video chat feed actually includes a face; or developing virtual eyeglass fitting systems and
virtual makeover tools that allow consumers to upload their photos online and “try on” a pair of
glasses or a new hairstyle.
A more refined version of facial recognition technology allows companies to assess
characteristics of facial images. For instance, companies can identify moods or emotions
from facial expressions to determine a player’s engagement with a video game or a viewer’s
excitement during a movie. Companies can also place cameras into digital signs to determine
the demographic characteristics of a face – such as age range and gender – and deliver tar geted
advertisements in real-time in retail spaces.
In the most advanced application, companies can use the technology to compare
individuals’ facial characteristics across different images in order to ident
美国FTC报告-人脸最佳实践
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